Andrographis database
Wednesday, November 29, 2006
Research Papers
1. Tissue Culture 2. Pharmacology - Andrographolide interferes with binding of nuclear factor-kappaB to DNA in HL-60-derived neutrophilic cells. [Full Text; pdf]
- Medicinal Plant Extracts as Anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 Agents and Their Effects on Bacterial Cell Aggregation
- Modulation of multidrug resistance by andrographolid in a HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line
- Isolation of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Protein with Antifungal Property
- Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
- Anti-insect Screening of Medicinal Plants from Kukrail Forest, Lucknow, India
- Plasma nitric oxide level in familial Mediterranean fever and its modulations by Immuno-Guard
- Influence of the antibacterial herbs, Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia on the survival, growth and bacterial load of Penaeus monodon post larvae
- Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata
- Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata
- Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pilot clinical trial of ImmunoGuard® - a standardized fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata Nees, with Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim, Schizandra chinensis Bail. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
- Flavonoids from Andrographis lineata
- A double blind, placebo-controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis
- Effect of Andrographolide and Kan Jang â€" fixed combination of extract SHA-10 and extract SHE-3 â€" on proliferation of human lymphocytes, production of cytokines and immune activation markers in the whole blood cells culture
- The screening of extracts from Goniothalamus scortechinii, Aralidium pinnatifidum and Andrographis paniculata for anti-malarial activity using the lactate dehydrogenase assay
- In vitro antifilarial effects of three plant species against adult worms of subperiodic Brugia malayi
- Targeting of Liposomal Andrographolide to L.donovani-Infected Macrophages in Vivo
- Andrographis paniculata (Nees) selectively blocks voltage-operated calcium channels in rat vas deferens
- Antimalarial activity of extracts of Malaysian medicinal plants
- Antiallergic Activity of Andrographolides Isolated from Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. F) Wall
- CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIVITY OF 14-DEOXY-11, 12-DIDEHYDROANDROGRAPHOLIDE IN THE ANAESTHETISED RAT AND ISOLATED RIGHT ATRIA
- Mechanisms of cardiovascular activity of Andrographis paniculata in the anaesthetized rat
- Testicular toxicity assessment of Andrographis paniculata dried extract in rats
3. Phytochemistry 4. Population Genetics 5. Physiology PubMed Search on Andrographis
As on 4 Nov 2006, there are 162 research papers - Download all abstracts (174 A4 pages): [ Text file, 340KB] [PDF file with links to full text, zipped: 1.3MB
Author: Sabu » Comments:
Andrographis and Cancer
Monday, November 27, 2006
Andrographis paniculata protects the liver from toxic substances and has antitumor properties, with important implications for cancer treatment.
- Andrographis paniculata plant extract is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Andrographolide, the major constituent of the extract is implicated towards its pharmacological activity. We studied the cellular processes and targets modulated by andrographolide treatment in human cancer and immune cells. Andrographolide treatment inhibited the in vitro proliferation of different tumor cell lines, representing various types of cancers. The compound exerts direct anticancer activity on cancer cells by cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through induction of cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Immunostimulatory activity of andrographolide is evidenced by increased proliferation of lymphocytes and production of interleukin-2. Andrographolide also enhanced the tumor necrosis factor-α production and CD marker expression, resulting in increased cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against cancer cells, which may contribute for its indirect anticancer activity. The in vivo anticancer activity of the compound is further substantiated against B16F0 melanoma syngenic and HT-29 xenograft models. These results suggest that andrographolide is an interesting pharmacophore with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities and hence has the potential for being developed as a cancer therapeutic agent. Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology Volume 3 Page 147 - May 2003
- Andrographolide 1, a diterpenoid lactone of the plant Andrographis paniculata, known to possess antitumour activity in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models was subjected to semisynthesis leading to the preparation of a number of novel compounds. These compounds exhibited in vitro antitumour activity with moderate to excellent growth inhibition against MCF-7 (breast) and HCT-116 (colon) cancer cells. Compounds 3,19-(2-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(5), 3,19-(3-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(6), 3,19-(3-fluorobenzylidene) andrographolide(7), 3,19-(4-fluorobenzylidene)andrographolide(8), 3,19-(2-fluorobenzylidene)andrographolide(10), 3,19-(2-chloro-5-nitrobenzylidene)andrographolide (21), 3,19-(4-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(30) and 3,19-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzylidene) andrographolide(31) were also screened against 60 NCI (National Cancer Institute, USA) human tumour cell lines derived from nine cancer cell types. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2006 Apr;21(2):145-55. PMID: 16789428
- Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, Andro induced apoptosis in human cancer cells via activation of caspase 8 in the extrinsic death receptor pathway and subsequently with the participation of mitochondria. Andro triggered a caspase 8-dependent Bid cleavage, followed by a series of sequential events including Bax conformational change and mitochondrial translocation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and activation of caspase 9 and 3. Inhibition of caspase 8 blocked Bid cleavage and Bax conformational change. Consistently, knockdown of Bid protein using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique suppressed Andro-induced Bax conformational change and apoptosis. In conclusion, the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bid and Bax) are the key mediators in relaying the cell death signaling initiated by Andro from caspase 8 to mitochondria and then to downstream effector caspases, and eventually leading to apoptotic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Jul 14;72(2):132-44. Epub 2006 Apr 29. PMID: 16740251
- The in vitro cytotoxicities of the ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) and its main diterpenoid components were evaluated in various cancer cells. APE was found to be significantly growth inhibitory to human acute myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells with an IC (50) value of 14.01 microg/mL after 24 h of treatment. Among the three main diterpenoids in A. paniculata, andrographolide exhibited the highest degree of cytotoxicity followed by deoxyandrographolide while neoandrographolide was the least effective. Laser confocal microscopy and gel electrophoresis studies revealed chromosomal DNA fragmentations suggesting the occurrence of apoptosis. An increase of G (0)/G (1) phase cells from 51.88 % to 78.69 % was noted after andrographolide treatment for 36 h. The G (0)/G (1) phase arrest and apoptosis were associated with disappearance of mitochondrial cytochrome c and increased expression of Bax but decreased expression of Bcl-2 proteins in the inhibited cells. Although the order of all these events has not been determined, it is concluded that APE and andrographolide induce cell cycle arrest and affect an intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway of apoptosis by regulating the expression of some pro-apoptotic markers in HL-60 cells. Planta Med. 2005 Dec;71(12):1106-11. PMID: 16395645
- Andrographis paniculata extract is traditionally used as a medicine to treat different diseases in India, China and Southeast Asia. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata in human cancer and immune cells. The methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata was fractionated into dichloromethane, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts and screened for bioactivity. Our results indicate that the dichloromethane fraction of the methanolic extract retains the active compounds contributing for both the anticancer and immunostimulatory activity. Dichloromethane fraction significantly inhibits the proliferation of HT-29 (colon cancer) cells and augments the proliferation human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) at low concentrations. On further fractionation of the dichloromethane extract we could isolate three diterpene compounds, i.e. [1] andrographolide, [2] 14-deoxyandrographolide and [3] 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide. Andrographolide showed anticancer activity on diverse cancer cells representing different types of human cancers. Whereas all the three molecules showed enhanced proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction in HPBLs. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jun;92(2-3):291-5 PMID: 15138014
- Natural products may increase cytotoxic activity of Natural Killer Cells (NK) Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) while decreasing DNA damage in patients with late-stage cancer. Pilot studies have suggested that a combination of Nutraceuticals can raise NK cell function and TNF-alpha alpha activity and result in improved clinical outcomes in patients with late stage cancer. The objective of the study is to determine if Nutraceuticals can significantly raise NK function and TNF levels in patients with late stage cancer. After informed consent was obtained, 20 patients with stage IV, end-stage cancer were evaluated (one bladder, five breast, two prostate, one neuroblastoma, two non-small cell lung, three colon, 1 mesothelioma, two lymphoma, one ovarian, one gastric, one osteosarcoma). Transfer Factor Plus (TFP+, 3 tablets 3 times per day), IMUPlus (non denatured milk whey protein, 40 gm/day); Intravenous (50 to 100 gm/day) and oral (1-2 gm/day) ascorbic acid; Agaricus Blazeii Murill teas (10 gm/day); Immune Modulator Mix (a combination of vitamin, minerals, antioxidants and immune-enhancing natural products); nitrogenated soy extract (high levels of genistein and dadzein) and Andrographis Paniculata (500 mg twice, daily) were used. Baseline NK function by standard 4 h 51Cr release assay and TNF alpha and receptor levels were measured by ELISA from resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated adherent and non-adherent Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC). Total mercaptans and glutathione in plasma were taken and compared to levels measured 6 months later. Complete blood counts and chemistry panels were routinely monitored. As of a mean of 6 months, 16/20 patients were still alive. The 16 survivors had significantly higher NK function than baseline (p < .01 for each) and TNF-alpha levels in all four cell populations studied (p < .01 for each). Total mercaptans (p < .01) and TNF-alpha receptor levels were significantly reduced (p < .01). It was also observed that hemoglobin, hematocrit and glutathione levels were significantly elevated. The only toxicity noted was occasional diarrhea and nausea. The quality of life improved for all survivors by SF-36 form evaluation. An aggressive combination of immunoactive Nutraceuticals was effective in significantly increasing NK function, other immune parameters and hemoglobin from PBMC or plasma in patients with late stage cancers. Nutraceutical combinations may be effective in late stage cancers. Clinical outcomes evaluations are ongoing. Immunol Invest. 2002 May;31(2):137-53 PMID: 12148949
Author: Sabu » Comments:
Andrographis in Sweden
- In Sweden, andrographis has been used for more than 10 years as a primary herb for the winter season. [Source]
- Andrographis has become popular in Scandinavia for use during winter season for immune support. [Source]
- Extracts from the leaves of andrographis (Andrographis paniculata [Burm. f.] Nees, Acanthaceae) are becoming more popular in the United States as an increasing amount of published research strongly supports the benefits of this traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic herb for treating symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, usually secondary to colds and flu. This trial attempts to study the safety of andrographis in a fixed combination extract (Kan Jang, Swedish Herbal Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden) on male fertility compared to 2 commonly used herbs: Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) and valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae). The study medications were well tolerated and the subjects reported no adverse events resulting from the study medications. No significant changes in the testicles of the subjects were observed. The study medications did not reduce male fertility parameters in any of the subjects in the study. The authors found no significant differences in male fertility parameters between the Kan Jang groups and the valerian and ginseng groups. The authors conclude that Kan Jang is safe with regards to male fertility parameters at doses of up to 3 times the recommended daily dose for 10 days. In addition, Asian ginseng and valerian show no negative effects on male fertility when administered at 3 times the recommended daily dose for a duration of 10 days. [HerbalGram. 2006;71:27 © American Botanical Council - Find]
- Acute respiratory infections (commonly known as a cold or flu) are often treated by health practitioners with antibiotics, even though they may not be effective for such conditions, which are often based on a viral infection. The leaves of andrographis (Andrographis paniculata [Burm f.] Wall ex Nees, Acanthaceae) have been used in traditional Ayurvedic, Thai, and Chinese medicine to treat fever associated with infectious diseases. Pharmacological studies suggest anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (anti-fever), antiviral, and immunostimulatory properties for andrographis. A leading remedy containing principally a fixed combination with a special andrographis extract has become popular in Scandinavia as a cold and influenza remedy. The product, called Kan Jang® (also known by its code name, SHA-10, produced by the Swedish Herbal Institute, Goteborg, Sweden), contains 60mg andrographis leaf extract and 120mg eleuthero root (Eleutherococcus senticosus [Rupr. & Maxim.], Harms, Araliaceae) extract. Kan Jang has been extensively evaluated as to its safety and efficacy in pharmacological and clinical trials.... more at http://www.herbalgram.org/iherb/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2810. [HerbalGram - Find]
- More will add to this blog as and when collect further literature - check out later. TQ
Author: Sabu » Comments:
Vitamin C, Andrographis and Immunity
- It has scientifically proved that Vitamin C helps to boost once's immunity.
- It also validated using experiments that Andrographis paniculata has immunostimulation property.
- BUT it will be a great idea if one could combine Vitamin C and Andrographis together to make a wonderful product
- Read at http://healthnewsdigest.com/news/article_4868.shtml as follows:
- Pump Up Your Immune System: The re-circulated air found inside of planes, trains and automobiles can be stale and unhealthful. To navigate through these environments unscathed, try taking new Nature’s Resource TriMune. TriMune contains scientifically-supported herbs (andrographis and Echinacea), vitamin C and zinc that help naturally boost immunity.
Author: Sabu » Comments:
Geranylgerannylpyrophosphate synthase [Andrographis]
Saturday, November 25, 2006
NCBI Protein Sequence search on Andrographis resulted in many results, out of which one is detailed below:
LOCUS CAJ00343 140 aa linear PLN 14-NOV-2006
DEFINITION putative geranylgerannylpyrophosphate synthase [Andrographis
paniculata].
ACCESSION CAJ00343
VERSION CAJ00343.1 GI:67008259
DBSOURCE embl accession AJ973134.1
KEYWORDS .
SOURCE Andrographis paniculata
ORGANISM Andrographis paniculata
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; core eudicotyledons;
asterids; lamiids; Lamiales; Acanthaceae; Acanthoideae; Ruellieae;
Andrographinae; Andrographis.
REFERENCE 1
AUTHORS Maison,T., Volkaert,H., Boonprakob,U. and Paisooksantivatana,Y.
TITLE Genetic diversity of Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees as
revealed by morphological and molecular markers
JOURNAL (misc) Kasetsart University Journal 39 (2005) In press
REFERENCE 2 (residues 1 to 140)
AUTHORS Volkaert,H.A.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (03-JUN-2005) Volkaert H.A., Kasetsart University -
Kamphaengsaen Cam, Center for Agricultural Biotechnology,
Kamphaengsaen, NakornPathom 73140, THAILAND
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..140
/organism="Andrographis paniculata"
/db_xref="taxon: 175694"
/tissue_type="leaf"
/country="Thailand"
Protein 1..140
/product="putative geranylgerannylpyrophosphate synthase"
Region <1..>140
/region_name="Trans_IPPS_HT"
/note="Trans-Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases (Trans_IPPS),
head-to-tail (HT) (1'-4) condensation reactions; cd00685"
/db_xref="CDD:58339"
CDS 1..140
/gene="ggps"
/coded_by="AJ973134.1:<1..>421"
/note="locus 1"
/codon_start=2
/db_xref="GOA:Q4VY92"
/db_xref="HSSP:Q83M58"
/db_xref="InterPro: IPR000092"
/db_xref="InterPro:IPR008949"
/db_xref="UniProtKB/TrEMBL: Q4VY92"
ORIGIN
1 lrrgrptnhk vfgedtavla gdallslafn hvaektknve hcrvvraiae lalaigsegl
61 vagqivdlds egekislnel eyihvhktsm lleaaavcgg ilgggestev eslrkyarci
121 gllfqvvddi ldvtksseql
//
Author: Sabu » Comments:
Stress management and andrographis
There are many ways to boost your immune system, including good nutrition and proper rest. There are a number of dietary and health supplements that can boost the immune system including Vitamin C, Andrographis paniculata and Beta Glucans.
Clinical studies have not been done concerning the improvement in immune system responses among people who use health supplements and are under chronic stress. Studies have shown that Andrographis increases white blood cell counts in person’s using the herb, which could counteract the lowered white blood cell counts in persons under chronic stress.
Source: http://stress-release-info.blogspot.com/2006/11/effect-of-stress-on-immune-system-faq.html
Author: Sabu » Comments:
How to cut short a head cold
Wednesday, November 22, 2006
Q. We are just getting home after three weeks on the road with our RV. But yesterday I began to sniffle with a head cold and sore throat. It's been years since I've had a head cold. What should I take to shorten it?
A. If you act quickly, a popular herb might help cut a cold short. Andrographis paniculata has been tested in a few clinical trials and was shown to shorten a cold by several days.
See one report below:
Use of visual analogue scale measurements (VAS) to asses the effectiveness of standardized Andrographis paniculata extract SHA-10 in reducing the symptoms of common cold. A randomized double blind-placebo study.
Caceres DD, Hancke JL, Burgos RA, Sandberg F, Wikman GK.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
The objective of our study was to measure the effectiveness of Andrographis paniculata SHA-10 extract in reducing the prevalence and intensity of symptoms and signs of common cold as compared with a placebo. A group of 158 adult patients of both sexes completed the randomized double blind study in Valdivia, Chile. The patients were divided in two equal size groups, one of which received Andrographis paniculata dried extract (1200 mg/day) and the other a placebo during a period of 5 days. Evaluations for efficacy were performed by the patient at day 0, 2, and 4 of the treatment; each completed a self-evaluation (VAS) sheet with the following parameters: headache, tiredness, earache, sleeplessness, sore throat, nasal secretion, phlegm, frequency and intensity of cough. In order to quantify the magnitude of the reduction in the prevalence and intensity of the signs and symptoms of common cold, the risk (Odds Ratio = OR) was calculated using a logistic regression model. At day 2 of treatment a significant decrease in the intensity of the symptoms of tiredness (OR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.53), sleeplessness (OR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.38-2.11), sore throat (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.69-3.14) and nasal secretion (OR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.82-3.46) was observed in the Andrographis SHA-10 group as compared with the placebo group. At day 4, a significant decrease in the intensity of all symptoms was observed for the Andrographis paniculata group. The higher OR values were for the following parameters: sore throat (OR = 3.59; 95% CI 2.04-5.35), nasal secretion (OR = 3.27; 95% CI 2.31-4.62) and earache (OR = 3.11; 95% CI 2.01-4.80) for Andrographis paniculata treatment over placebo, respectively. It is concluded that Andrographis paniculata had a high degree of effectiveness in reducing the prevalence and intensity of the symptoms in uncomplicated common cold beginning at day two of treatment. No adverse effects were observed or reported.
Publication Types:
PMID: 10589439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Author: Sabu » Comments:
50 Books on Andrographis
| | by Jean Barilla (1999) - Keats Pub |
| | by Stephen Behr (2001) - Original Internist, Inc. |
| | by Erika Lenz (2001) - Thomson Gale |
| | by E.S. Gabrielian, A.K. Shukarian, G.I. Goukasova, G.L. Chandanian, A.G. Panossian, G. Wikman and H. Wagner (2002) - Urban & Fischer Verlag |
| | by Nancy Walsh (2003) - International Medical News Group |
| | by Mary J. Shomon (2004) - Collins page 113 : " ... or to treat various infections. Some herbal remedies are fig, andrographis root, garlic, wormseed, turmeric, and pumpkin seeds, among others. ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Peter J. D'Adamo (2002) - Riverhead Trade page 482 : " ... Andrographis paniculata), 350 mg: 1 capsule two or three times daily' ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Paula Begoun (2003) - Beginning Press page 1248 : " ... it has anti-inflammatory prop- erties (Source: http://www.rain-tree.com/andiroba.htm). andrographolide. Component of Andrographis paniculata, an herb common to India and China. ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Phyllis A. Balch (2002) - Avery page 21 : " ... Part One UNDERSTANDING HERBAL HEALING Andrographis There they offset the production of chemicals that cause inflammation ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Elizabeth Lipski (2004) - McGraw-Hill page 209 : " ... and B-complex vitamins, phyllanthus, shiitake mushrooms, astragalus, fenugreek, schizan- dra, andrographis, ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Andrew Gaeddert (2004) - North Atlantic Books page 23 : " ... Andrographis (Chuan Xin Lian), Laminaria (Kun Bu),Viola (Zi Hua Di Ding), ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Alon Marcus (2005) - North Atlantic Books page 630 : " ... Ying), 12g, Herba Houttuyniae Cordatae (Yu Xing Cao) 12g, Herba Andrographis Paniculatae (Chuan Xin Lian) 6g. ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Susan-Jane Beers (2001) - Periplus Editions page 131 : " ... for diabetes from doun sombiloto (leaves of the jujube tree; Andrographis poniculata), biji larntoro ( ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Asa Hershoff N.D. and Andrea Rotelli N.D. (2001) - Avery page 60 : " ... HERBAL REMEDIES COLDS & FLU Andrographis Astragalus Boneset Cayenne Catnip Chamomile ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Joseph P. Hou and Youyu Jin (2005) - Haworth Integrative Healing Press page 24 : " ... Glehnia root Glehnia littoralis, Rx Bei Sha Shen Green chiretta Andrographis paniculata, ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Pamela Levin (2002) - Celestial Arts page 227 : " ... Herbal Products for Inflammation Reduction Andrographis Complex (MH) is a tablet that blends andrographis, echinacea root, ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | (1997) - CRC page 9 : " ... herb Class: 1 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees Acanthaceae Common Name: andrographis, chuan xin ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Kyle Cline and Kyle, LMT Cline (2000) - Healing Arts Press page 259 : " ... These are Pill Curing, Andrographis Anti-Inflammatory Tablets, Forsythia Toxin Vanquishing Tablets, Succinum Dragon Embracing Pills, ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Carol Colman and Earl Mindell (1998) - Fireside page 232 : " ... A HOT TIBETAN HERB: ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA Rooted in the Ayurvedic tradition, Tibetan medicine is an ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
| | by Carol C. Baskin and Jerry M. Baskin (2001) - Academic Press page 288 : " ... 1986) Andrographis paniculatad Acanthaceae 30 - Chaudhary (1975) Andropogon semiberbis Poaceae - ... " | | See more references to andrographis in this book. | |
Author: Sabu » Comments:
